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InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science

· eISSN 3007-5467 · DOI 10.51173/ijds
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Research article Open Access EN pp. 1–13 · 15 Nov 2025

Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models

  1. Technical College of Management Baghdad, Middle Technical University
  2. Information Technology Management-Baghdad, Middle Technical University
✱ Corresponding author: [email protected]
DOI 10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70 IJDS-TRK-2026-70 9 views 0 downloads

Abstract

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) greatly facilitates the diagnosis of retinal diseases. However, traditional models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) suffer from challenges, most notably high computational cost, sensitivity to noise, and data imbalance. This study aims to compare three hybrid deep learning frameworks, all of which rely on feature extraction using a pre-trained CNN model and then selecting the most important features using intelligent swarm algorithms: the Dolphin Swarm Optimization (DSO), the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Ant Swarm Optimization (ACO). The selected features were evaluated using four classifiers: SVM, random forest, XGBoost, and k-NN. Experiments were conducted on a standard dataset from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) and a local dataset. The comparison results showed that the hybrid framework, which combines the dolphin swarm algorithm and SVM, outperformed the other combinations, achieving a classification accuracy of 93% on local data and 95% on standard data, while also outperforming them in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.
Keywords
Particle swarm optimization Convolutional neural network Feature selection Swarm behaviour Pattern recognition (psychology) Feature extraction Ant colony optimization algorithms Feature (linguistics) Multi-swarm optimization

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How to cite

Zaid Al-Jubouri and Sarah Saadoon Jasim. 2025. Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models. InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science 3, 1 (2025), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

Al-Jubouri, Z. ; Jasim, S. S.. Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models. InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science 2025, 3 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

Al-Jubouri, Z. & Jasim, S. S. (2025). Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models. InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

AL-JUBOURI, Zaid ; JASIM, Sarah Saadoon. Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models. InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1–13, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

Al-Jubouri, Zaid and Jasim, Sarah Saadoon. 2025. "Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models." InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science 3 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

Al-Jubouri, Z. and Jasim, S. S. (2025) 'Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models', InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science, 3(1), pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

Z. Al-Jubouri and S. S. Jasim, "Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models," InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70.

Al-Jubouri, Zaid and Jasim, Sarah Saadoon. "Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models." InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science, vol. 3, no. 1, 2025, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

Zaid Al-Jubouri and Sarah Saadoon Jasim. "Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models." InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

Al-Jubouri Z , Jasim SS. Enhancing Optical Coherence Tomography Image Classification Via Swarm Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Machine Learning Models. InfoTech Spectrum: Iraqi Journal of Data Science. 2025;3(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.51173/ijds.v3i1.70

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